1. What question was asked?
A clearly defined research question makes it easier to understand what the results can and cannot support.
2. What was studied?
Check whether the work used isolated cells, animals, or human participants. These are different evidence contexts.
3. Was there a comparison?
Look for controls, blinding, randomization, and the number of participants or samples.
4. What was actually measured?
A change in a laboratory marker is not automatically a meaningful clinical outcome.
5. What remains uncertain?
Read the limitations and conflicts-of-interest sections. Good research makes its uncertainty visible.
For education and research only. This website does not provide medical advice or prescribe treatment. Research findings do not establish safety or efficacy for human use.
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